tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33683255454157245852024-03-09T00:41:57.489+05:30EaSy CoDe C++Anurag Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01651056199050556301noreply@blogger.comBlogger6125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3368325545415724585.post-41435260022097227642011-11-17T21:01:00.001+05:302011-11-17T21:02:54.849+05:30<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
/*PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT BINARY SEARCH IN 1-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY.<br />
THE UNSORTED ARRAY IS SORTED IS SORTED WHICH IS THE REQUIREMENT OF BINARY SEARCH.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
************************************************************/<br />
<br />
<br />
#include<stdio.h><br />
#include<conio.h><br />
<br />
#define size 20<br />
<br />
<br />
int searchBinary(int arr[], int number, int item)<br />
{<br />
<br />
//SORTING<br />
<br />
<br />
int min, low, i, j, temp;<br />
<br />
for(i= 0; i < number; ++i)<br />
{<br />
min = arr[i]; low =i;<br />
for(j = i+1; j < number; ++j)<br />
{<br />
if(min >= arr[j])<br />
{<br />
low = j;<br />
min = arr[j];<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
temp = arr[i];<br />
arr[i] = arr[low];<br />
arr[low] = temp;<br />
}<br />
<br />
printf("\n\nSORTED Numbers...\n");<br />
for(i= 0; i < number; ++i)<br />
{<br />
printf("%d ",arr[i]);<br />
}<br />
<br />
//SORTING DONE <br />
<br />
<br />
int first=0, end = number-1, mid = int((first+end)/2);<br />
while(first <= end)<br />
{<br />
mid = int((first+end)/2); <br />
<br />
if(arr[mid] == item)<br />
return(2);<br />
<br />
else if(arr[mid] > item)<br />
end = mid-1;<br />
<br />
else<br />
first = mid+1;<br />
<br />
}<br />
return -1;<br />
}<br />
<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
int array[size], num, data;<br />
<br />
printf("\nHow many elements...?");<br />
scanf("%d",&num);<br />
<br />
if(num>20)<br />
num = 20;<br />
for(int i = 0 ; i < num ; ++ i)<br />
{<br />
printf("\nElement number %2d : ", i+1);<br />
scanf("%d",&array[i]);<br />
}<br />
<br />
printf("\n\nEnter element to be searched... :");<br />
scanf("%d", &data);<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
int index;<br />
index = searchBinary(array, num, data);<br />
<br />
if(index == 2)<br />
printf("\n\nElement found");<br />
else<br />
printf("\n\nElement not found");<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
getch(); <br />
return 0; <br />
}<br />
</div>Anurag Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01651056199050556301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3368325545415724585.post-23003011570855622732011-11-17T20:52:00.001+05:302011-11-17T21:02:41.892+05:30<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;">/*Program to implement Linear search in 1-Dimensional array<br /><br />*****************************************************/</span><br />
#include<stdio.h><br />
#include<conio.h><br />
<br />
#define size 20<br />
<br />
<br />
int searchLinear(int arr[], int number, int item)<br />
{<br />
for(int t = 0; t<number; ++t)<br />
{<br />
if(arr[t] == item)<br />
return(t+1);<br />
}<br />
return -1;<br />
}<br />
<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
int array[size], num, data;<br />
<br />
printf("\nHow many elements...?");<br />
scanf("%d",&num);<br />
<br />
if(num>20)<br />
num = 20;<br />
for(int i = 0 ; i < num ; ++ i)<br />
{<br />
printf("\nElement number %d : ", i+1);<br />
scanf("%d",&array[i]);<br />
}<br />
<br />
printf("\n\nEnter element to be searched... :");<br />
scanf("%d", &data);<br />
<br />
int index;<br />
index = searchLinear(array, num, data);<br />
<br />
if(index == -1)<br />
printf("\n\nElement not found");<br />
else<br />
printf("\n\nElement found at %d", index);<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
getch(); <br />
return 0; <br />
}</div>Anurag Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01651056199050556301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3368325545415724585.post-21376625993498647882011-09-23T19:24:00.002+05:302011-09-25T04:00:57.054+05:30<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="color: #660000; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b>/*Linked List </b></i><br />
<i><b><br /></b></i><br />
<i><b> Program to Create Linked List (node implementation) and do common operations in it.</b></i></div>
<div style="color: #660000; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b>Creation, Traversal, Deletion of nodes </b></i></div>
<div style="color: #660000; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b><br /></b></i></div>
<div style="color: #660000; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b> ****************************************************************************************************************************/</b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i style="color: #660000;"><b> //preprocessor directives</b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
#include<stdio.h></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
#include<process.h> </div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
#include<conio.h></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
#include<iostream.h></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i style="color: #660000;"><b> //prototype declaration</b></i></div>
<div style="color: #660000; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b> //return type is void i.e. they do return any values</b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
void create();</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
void travel();</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
void nodeDelete();</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i style="color: #660000;"><b>//variable declaration</b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
int nodeNumber, delInfo=0;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
struct node <i><b><span style="color: #660000;">//Structure of node defined</span></b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
{</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
int data;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
node *ptr;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
} *start, *temp, *trvl;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
int main( )</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
{</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
int choice;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
do{</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
clrscr(); </div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i style="color: #660000;"><b> //Menu</b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\n\tWelcome to Node Menu...";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nPress 1 for node creation process..";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nPress 2 for Traversal...";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nPress 3 to delete a node...";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nPress 4 to view value of last deleted node...";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nPress 5 to exit\n\t";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nEnter your choice...";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cin>>choice;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
switch(choice)</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
{</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
case 1: create();</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
break;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
case 2: travel();</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
break;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
case 3: nodeDelete();</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
break;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
case 4: cout<<"\nLast data part: "<<delInfo;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
break; </div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
case 5:</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nPreparing to exit...";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nPress Enter...";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
getch();</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
exit(0); <i><b><span style="color: #990000;">/<span style="color: #660000;">/exit() is defined in process.h, 0 is usually way for exiting</span></span></b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
break;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
default: cout<<"\nWrong choice!! Remember (1-5)";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
break;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
}</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
}while(choice != 4);</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
getch();</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
return 0;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
}</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i style="color: #660000;"><b>//First two are required for list creation</b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
void create()</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
{</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
start = new node; <i style="color: #660000;"><b> //First node</b></i><br />
<i style="color: #660000;"><b><br /><br />/* actually right after creation of every node, you should/can check whether it is actually created or not. i.e. did the system had sufficient memory to allocate resources<br /><br /> It can be done using a null check; NULL is a state of a pointer if it doesn't points to some location.<br />NULL is defined in a lot of header files including our own "stdio.h" which as can be seen is included earlier. Next I'll show how to use NULL.</b></i><br />
<br />
<i style="color: #660000;"><b>if (start == NULL)</b></i><br />
<i style="color: #660000;"><b>{</b></i><br />
<i style="color: #660000;"><b> cout<<"\nInsufficient memory";</b></i><br />
<i style="color: #660000;"><b>}</b></i><br />
<br />
<i style="color: #660000;"><b>and maybe you can add exit(0) in the condition to quit the program. Because if the system fails to allocate memory then it's of no use*/<br /><br /></b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nNew node created...!";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nEnter data: ";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cin>>start->data;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
temp = new node; <i style="color: #660000;"><b>//Second node</b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nSecond node....";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nEnter data: ";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cin>>temp->data;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
start->ptr = temp;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nHow many more nodes you want...?";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cin>>nodeNumber;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
int i=0;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
for(i=0; i<(nodeNumber); ++i) //Further nodes created</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
{</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
trvl = new node;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nEnter data in node number "<<i+3<<": ";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cin>>trvl->data;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
temp->ptr = trvl;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
temp = temp->ptr;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
}</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nNodes created...";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
}</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
void travel()</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
{</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nTraversing"; <i style="color: #660000;"><b> //Traversal</b></i></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\n Node number \t Data";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
trvl = start;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
for(int i=0; i<(nodeNumber+2); ++i)</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
{</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<endl<<"\t"<<i+1<<"\t\t"<<trvl->data;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
trvl = trvl->ptr;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
}</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
}</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
void nodeDelete()</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
{</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
int del;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
// clrscr();</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
travel();</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nWhich node you want to delete...?";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cin>>del;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
if( del > nodeNumber+2)</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nSuch node doesn't exists..., try again";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
else</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
{</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
temp = trvl = start;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
for(int i=0; i<del ; ++i)</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
trvl = trvl-> ptr;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
for( int j=0; j< (del-1) ; ++j)</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
temp = temp-> ptr;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
temp->ptr = trvl->ptr;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
delInfo= trvl->data;<br />
nodeNumber--;</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
}</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nNode deleted...";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
cout<<"\nYou can view data of last deleted node";</div>
<div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
}</div>
</div>
Anurag Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01651056199050556301noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3368325545415724585.post-5036980138933197972011-09-23T16:57:00.002+05:302011-09-29T12:17:57.992+05:30<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>/*ASSIGNMENT - 2 DISCRETE STRUCTURES <br /><br />Sorting</i></b><br />
<br />
<b style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i> program for sorting in <span style="font-size: large;">C</span> using M A and S functions</i></b><br />
<b style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i><br /> M is used to find maximum amongst a list of numbers<br /> A is used to find greater of 2 numbers and put the bigger number to the Right Hand Side in the list<br /> S is the sorting function which is used recursively<br />********************************************************************************************************************/</i></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <i style="color: #b45f06;"><b>/* pre-processor directives */ </b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">#include<stdio.h></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">#include<conio.h></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">#define size 50 </span><i style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> /* helps in changing array size */</b></i><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">int array[size], numberOfValues = 0, temp = 0, n=0, j=0;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><i style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>/* variable declaration , these are defined Globally*/</b></i><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">void a()</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">{</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> if(array[j] > array[j+1])</span> <b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i style="color: #b45f06;">/* here swapping the smaller with bigger number and moving it right*/</i></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> {</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> temp = array[j];</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> array[j] = array [j+1];</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> array[j+1] = temp;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> }</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">}</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">void m() <span style="background-color: white;"> </span><b style="background-color: white;"><i> <span style="color: #b45f06;"> /* m() calls a() */</span></i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">{</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> for(j = 0; j< (n-1); ++j)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> a();</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">}</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">void s() <i><b> <span style="color: #b45f06;">/* and here s calls m() */</span></b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">{</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> if(n != 0)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> {</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> m();</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> n--;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> s();</span> <i style="color: #b45f06;"><b><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">/* see here s() is called recursively i.e. s() calls s()*/</span></b></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> }</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">}</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">int main()</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">{</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> clrscr();</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> printf("\n\tNumber of elements...: ");</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> scanf("%d", &numberOfValues);</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> int i;</span> <i style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> </b></i><br />
<i style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> /* inputs */</b></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> for(i = 0; i < numberOfValues; ++i)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> {</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> printf("Element no. %3d : ", i+1);</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> scanf("%d", &array[i]);</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> }</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> n = numberOfValues;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> s();</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> printf{"\nOUTPUT");</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> for(i = 0; i < numberOfValues; ++i)</span> <i style="color: #b45f06;"><b><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> /*output*/</span></b></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> {</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> printf("%d ", array[i]);</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> }</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> getch();</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> return 0;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">}</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="color: #274e13; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><u><i><b>Sample Output:</b></i></u></span></div>
<div style="color: #274e13; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #274e13; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-a4PZ0JXJZvs/Tnx1q797DnI/AAAAAAAAAJM/emQKSt3doyI/s1600/b4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-a4PZ0JXJZvs/Tnx1q797DnI/AAAAAAAAAJM/emQKSt3doyI/s400/b4.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><u style="color: #274e13;"><i><b><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></b></i></u></span></span><br />
</div>
Anurag Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01651056199050556301noreply@blogger.com0Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India23.2599333 77.41261523.1432293 77.2546865 23.3766373 77.5705435tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3368325545415724585.post-69250346039345714362011-09-22T02:18:00.000+05:302011-09-24T03:36:06.809+05:30<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="color: #bf9000;">
<b><i>/* Struct vs Class</i></b><br />
<br />
<b><i>Program to show there aren't many differences between a structure and a class</i></b></div>
<div style="color: #bf9000;">
<br /></div>
<div style="color: #bf9000;">
<b><i>COMMENTS are shown in bold and italics*/</i></b></div>
<br />
<br />
#include<iostream.h><br />
#include<conio.h><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
class Demo2 <span style="color: #bf9000;"> </span><b style="color: #bf9000;"><i> //class</i></b><br />
{<br />
public: <b style="color: #bf9000;"><i>//public label</i></b><br />
void print()<br />
{<br />
cout<<"\n\n For the class\n\n Enter a, b and c : ";<br />
cin>>a>>b>>c;<br />
cout<<"\n a= "<<a<<" b = "<<b<<" c= "<<c;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
private:<br />
int a;<br />
int b;<br />
<br />
protected:<br />
int c;<br />
};<br />
Demo2 a2; <b> <i style="color: #bf9000;"> // object created for the class</i></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i style="color: #bf9000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></i></b></span><br />
struct Demo1 <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></i></span></b></span><br />
{<br />
public: <i> <b style="color: #bf9000;">//see this has labels as a class</b></i><br />
void print() <b> <i style="color: #bf9000;">// has functions</i></b><br />
{<br />
cout<<"\n\nFor the structure\nEnter x, y and p : ";<br />
cin>>x>>y>>p;<br />
cout<<"\nx= "<<x<<" y = "<<y<<" p= "<<p;<br />
}<br />
Demo1();<br />
<br />
<b><i> <span style="color: #bf9000;">/* even has constructors & destructors although i have shown a constructor only . A constructor is a special function having same name of the class */</span></i></b><br />
<br />
private:<br />
int x;<br />
int y;<br />
<br />
protected:<br />
int p;<br />
};<br />
Demo1 a1; <br />
<br />
<div style="color: #bf9000;">
<i><b>//object of structure defined in the same way as for a class </b></i> </div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Demo1::Demo1() <i style="color: #bf9000;"><b>/*constructor declaration outside structure as can be done for a class*/</b></i><br />
{<br />
x = y = p = 0;<br />
cout<<"\nThis shows constructor working for struct\n"<<"\n x= "<< x <<" y = "<< y <<" p= "<< p;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
a1.print(); <b><i> <span style="color: #bf9000;">//calling structure object</span></i></b><br />
a2.print(); <b><i> <span style="color: #bf9000;">//calling class object</span> </i></b> <br />
getch();<br />
return 0<i><u><b>;</b></u></i><br />
<i><u><b>}</b></u></i><br />
<i><u><b><br /></b></u></i><span style="font-size: large;"><i><u><b>Sample Output:</b></u></i></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vMR7XMQUukk/TnpNcbggAnI/AAAAAAAAAIM/176O5ZeC0xo/s1600/b2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vMR7XMQUukk/TnpNcbggAnI/AAAAAAAAAIM/176O5ZeC0xo/s640/b2.JPG" width="574" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Anurag Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01651056199050556301noreply@blogger.com0Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India23.2599333 77.41261523.1432293 77.2546865 23.3766373 77.5705435tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3368325545415724585.post-30280207686201685212011-09-22T01:33:00.001+05:302011-09-24T03:26:13.726+05:30<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="color: #f1c232;">
<i><b>/<span style="color: #bf9000;">/ Stack through array</span></b></i><br />
<br />
<br />
<i><b><span style="color: #bf9000;">Program to implement Pop and Push operations in Stack (stack is implemented using Array) </span></b></i></div>
<br />
#include<iostream.h><br />
#include<conio.h><br />
#include<process.h> <span style="color: yellow;"> </span><i style="color: #f1c232;"><b> <span style="color: #bf9000;">// to use exit() function</span></b></i><br />
<br />
# define size 20 <span style="color: yellow;"> </span><b style="color: #bf9000;"><i>//for array size</i></b><br />
<br />
int stack[size], top=-1, data;<br />
<br />
void push()<br />
{<br />
if(top < size-1)<br />
{<br />
cout<<"\n Enter data for push operation... : ";<br />
cin>>data;<br />
top+=1; <span style="color: #bf9000;"> </span><b style="color: #bf9000;"><i>//same as top = top + 1</i></b><br />
stack[top] = data;<br />
}<br />
else<br />
cout<<"\n\tStack full....\n\tTry emptying values from stack...";<br />
}<br />
<br />
void pop()<br />
{<br />
if(top = = -1)<br />
cout<<"\n\t Stack underflow...\n\t Try pushing elements...";<br />
else<br />
{<br />
data = stack[top];<br />
cout<<"\n\t Popped data : "<<data;<br />
top-=1;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
<br />
void display()<br />
{<br />
for(int i=0; i<= top; ++i)<br />
cout<<stack[i]<<" --> ";<br />
<br />
cout<<"\n\n Press enter to continue";<br />
getch();<br />
}<br />
<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
<br />
int choice;<br />
<br />
do<br />
{<br />
clrscr();<br />
cout<<"\n\n\n\t Welcome to Stack menu";<br />
cout<<"\n Press 1 to push elements in stack";<br />
cout<<"\n Press 2 to pop elements from stack";<br />
cout<<"\n Press 3 to exit";<br />
cout<<"\n Stack current status...: "<<top+1<<" elements present\n\n";<br />
cout<<"\n\n Enter your choice (1-3) : ";<br />
cin>>choice;<br />
<br />
switch(choice)<br />
{<br />
case 1:<br />
push();<br />
display();<br />
break;<br />
<br />
case 2:<br />
pop();<br />
display();<br />
break;<br />
<br />
case 3:<br />
cout<<"\n Preparing to exit...";<br />
cout<<"\n Press enter...";<br />
getch();<br />
exit(0);<br />
break; <br />
<br />
default:<br />
cout<<"\n\t Wrong selection!!! Remember (1-3)";<br />
break; <br />
} <br />
}while(choice != 3);<br />
getch();<br />
<br />
return 0;<br />
<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><u><b><br /></b></u></span><br />
<div style="color: #38761d;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><u><b>Sample Output of the program</b></u></span>:</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b7mfG-RX4Qs/TnpGgNIUEzI/AAAAAAAAAII/5MGNwSX47DU/s1600/p10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="617" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b7mfG-RX4Qs/TnpGgNIUEzI/AAAAAAAAAII/5MGNwSX47DU/s640/p10.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Anurag Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01651056199050556301noreply@blogger.com0